MobileNetV3 network-based diagnosis of caries and periapical periodontitis from periapical films / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To research the effectiveness of deep learning techniques in intelligently diagnosing dental caries and periapical periodontitis and to explore the preliminary application value of deep learning in the diagnosis of oral diseases@*Methods@#A dataset containing 2 298 periapical films, including healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis, was used for the study. The dataset was randomly divided into 1 573 training images, 233 validation images, and 492 test images. By comparing various neural network models, the MobileNetV3 network model with better performance was selected for dental disease diagnosis, and the model was optimized by tuning the network hyperparameters. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the model's ability to recognize dental caries and periapical periodontitis. Class activation map was used to visualization analyze the performance of the network model@*Results@#The algorithm achieved a relatively ideal intelligent diagnostic effect with precision, recall, and accuracy of 99.42%, 99.73%, and 99.60%, respectively, and the F1 score was 99.57% for classifying healthy teeth, dental caries, and periapical periodontitis. The visualization of the class activation maps also showed that the network model can accurately extract features of dental diseases.@*Conclusion@#The tooth lesion detection algorithm based on the MobileNetV3 network model can eliminate interference from image quality and human factors and has high diagnostic accuracy, which can meet the needs of dental medicine teaching and clinical applications.

Effect of gymnastics training on physical performance in middle-aged and elderly dancers / Efeito do treino de ginástica sobre o desempenho físico em dançarinos de meia idade e idosos / Efecto del entrenamiento gimnástico en el rendimiento físico de bailarines de mediana y avanzada edad

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ballroom dancing has become popular as an exercise method that encompasses many benefits in the social aspect. However, some middle-aged and elderly dancers have suffered from injuries and other problems from dancing. The comprehensive understanding of gymnastic training to solve this problem has not yet been raised, without which no adequate means of prevention can be outlined. Objective: Study the effect of balanced aerobic training on the physical fitness of middle-aged and elderly ballroom dance practitioners. Methods: A study was conducted with 50 volunteers practicing ballroom dancing, middle-aged and elderly, divided into experimental and control groups. According to the community square dance protocol, the control group performed the dance for one hour daily. The experimental group also used the same period and technique, introducing balanced aerobic exercises. Fitness and performance data were collected before and after the intervention, analyzed, and presented statistically. Results: In the experimental group, the growth rate of the grip strength index was 28.70%, the lumbar strength index was 32.27%, the time rate in the orthostatic position was 6.28%, and the sitting forward flexion index was 6.69%. Conclusion: Compared to traditional community sports, balanced aerobics inserted into ballroom dance training showed an improvement effect on the physical and sports fitness of middle-aged and elderly women, and may also prevent the adverse effects of aging on activities of daily living, and its implementation is valid. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A dança de salão popularizou-se como um método de exercício físico que abrange muitos benefícios no aspecto social. Contudo, alguns dançarinos de meia idade e idosos têm sofrido com lesões e outros problemas decorrentes da dança. A compreensão abrangente do treino com ginástica para a solução desse problema ainda não foi levantada, sem a qual não se pode traçar meios adequados de prevenção. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento aeróbico balanceado sobre a aptidão física de praticantes de dança de salão de meia-idade e idosos. Métodos: Foi elaborado um estudo com 50 voluntários praticantes de dança de salão, de meia idade e idosos, divididos em grupos experimental e controle. O grupo de controle realizou a dança durante uma hora diária, de acordo com o protocolo de dança da praça comunitária. O grupo experimental também utilizou o mesmo período e técnica, introduzindo exercícios aeróbicos balanceados. Os dados de aptidão física e desempenho foram coletados antes e após a intervenção, analisados e apresentados estatisticamente. Resultados: No grupo experimental, a taxa de crescimento do índice de força de preensão foi de 28,70%, o índice de força lombar foi de 32,27%, a taxa de tempo em posição ortostática foi de 6,28%, e o índice de flexão sentado para frente foi de 6,69%. Conclusão: Em comparação com os esportes comunitários tradicionais, a aeróbica equilibrada inserida no treino de dança de salão apresentou um efeito de melhoria na aptidão física e esportiva das mulheres de meia-idade e idosas, podendo prevenir também os efeitos adversos do envelhecimento sobre as atividades de vida diária, sendo válida a sua implementação. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los bailes de salón se han popularizado como método de ejercicio físico que encierra muchos beneficios en el aspecto social. Sin embargo, algunos bailarines de mediana y avanzada edad han sufrido lesiones y otros problemas derivados del baile. Aún no se ha planteado un conocimiento exhaustivo del entrenamiento gimnástico para resolver este problema, sin el cual no se pueden esbozar medios adecuados de prevención. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico equilibrado en la forma física de los practicantes de bailes de salón de mediana y avanzada edad. Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio con 50 voluntarios practicantes de bailes de salón, de mediana y avanzada edad, divididos en grupos experimental y control. El grupo de control realizó el baile durante una hora diaria, según el protocolo de baile de salón de la comunidad. El grupo experimental utilizó el mismo período y la misma técnica, introduciendo ejercicios aeróbicos equilibrados. Se recogieron datos sobre la forma física y el rendimiento antes y después de la intervención, y se analizaron y presentaron estadísticamente. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el índice de crecimiento del índice de fuerza de prensión fue del 28,70%, el índice de fuerza lumbar fue del 32,27%, el índice de tiempo en posición ortostática fue del 6,28% y el índice de flexión hacia delante sentado fue del 6,69%. Conclusión: En comparación con los deportes comunitarios tradicionales, los ejercicios aeróbicos equilibrados insertados en el entrenamiento de bailes de salón mostraron un efecto de mejora en la forma física y deportiva de las mujeres de mediana edad y ancianas, y también pueden prevenir los efectos adversos del envejecimiento en las actividades de la vida diaria, y su aplicación es válida. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Correlations between depression, sleep quality and dental caries among college students in Chongqing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the correlation between depression, sleep quality and dental caries among college students in Chongqing, so as so provide reference basis for targeted health education.@*Methods@#From January to June 2022, a multi stage sampling method was used to select 627 students from six colleges in Chongqing. According to the Fourth National Epidemiological Survey of Oral Health and World Health Organization standards, dental caries were examined and diagnosed. The Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Questionnaire and general situation questionnaire were adopted to investigate depressive symptoms and sleep quality of college students. Correlation analysis was performed to study the correlation between depression, sleep quality and dental caries.@*Results@#The prevalence of dental caries among college students was 42.1%, and there was a statistically significant difference in dental caries prevalence among college students depending on their gender, major, body shape, parental education level, and family sources ( χ 2=14.49, 16.81, 7.82, 15.14, 7.34, P <0.05). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.9%, and there was a statistically significant difference in SDS scores and depression prevalence among students of different body types ( χ 2=10.99, P <0.05). The PSQI score was (4.36±0.94) points, and the rate of poor sleep quality was 26.16%. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the PSQI score and rate of poor sleep quality among college students of different genders and body types ( χ 2=25.41, 17.59, P <0.05). There was a certain correlation between the occurrence of dental caries and poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms among college students, with contingency coefficients of 0.15 and 0.13, respectively ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of dental caries is high among college students in Chongqing. The occurrence of dental caries may be related to depression and sleep quality.

Sports injuries caused by the practice of kung fu in college students / Lesões esportivas causadas pela prática de kung fu nos estudantes universitários / Lesiones deportivas causadas por la práctica de kung fu en estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kungfu is a traditional Chinese sports activity, and many optional courses are offered in many universities. However, during kung fu practice, sports injuries can be caused. Objective: Investigate the most common types of sports injuries caused by kung fu practice and present intervention countermeasures. Methods: A total of 612 college students practicing kung fu at 5 universities were investigated, and a 12-week follow-up survey was conducted to collect data on the types, causes, and injury grades of their sports injuries. According to the survey results, reasonable prevention and intervention measures were formulated to ensure the safety of kung fu practice. Results: The sports injuries caused by kung fu practice mainly occurred at the waist, knees, and ankles, and the types of sports injuries were mainly by ligament strain, which was mainly caused by improper preparation, poor physical functioning, and mental state, incorrect technical movements, etc. Conclusion: Kung fu practice can improve the physical health of college students, but it can also lead to sports injuries, especially to the pelvic girdle, knees, and ankles. Strict preventive measures should be taken to prevent sports injuries from affecting the physical health of college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O kung fu é uma atividade esportiva tradicional chinesa, sendo que muitos cursos opcionais são oferecidos em várias universidades. Porém, durante a prática de kung fu, lesões esportivas podem ser causadas. Objetivo: Investigar os tipos mais comuns de lesões esportivas causadas pela prática de kung fu e apresentar as contramedidas de intervenção. Métodos: Um total de 612 estudantes universitários praticantes de kung fu em 5 universidades foram investigados, uma pesquisa de acompanhamento de 12 semanas foi realizada para coletar dados sobre os tipos, causas e graus de lesão de suas lesões esportivas. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, foram formuladas medidas razoáveis de prevenção e intervenção para garantir a segurança da prática de kung fu. Resultados: As lesões esportivas causadas pela prática de kung fu ocorreram principalmente na cintura, joelhos e tornozelos, e os tipos de lesões esportivas foram principalmente por tensão ligamentar, que foi causada principalmente por preparação inadequada, mau funcionamento físico e estado mental, movimentos técnicos incorretos, etc. Conclusão: A prática de kung fu pode melhorar a saúde física dos estudantes universitários, mas também pode levar a lesões esportivas, principalmente na cintura pélvica, joelhos e tornozelos. Medidas preventivas rigorosas devem ser tomadas para evitar que lesões esportivas afetem a saúde física dos estudantes universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El kung fu es una actividad deportiva tradicional china, y en muchas universidades se ofrecen cursos opcionales. Sin embargo, durante la práctica del kung fu pueden producirse lesiones deportivas. Objetivo: Investigar los tipos más comunes de lesiones deportivas causadas por la práctica del kung fu y presentar las contramedidas de intervención. Métodos: Se investigó a un total de 612 estudiantes universitarios que practicaban kung fu en 5 universidades, y se realizó una encuesta de seguimiento de 12 semanas para recoger datos sobre los tipos, las causas y los grados de lesión de sus lesiones deportivas. Según los resultados de la investigación, se formularon medidas razonables de prevención e intervención para garantizar la seguridad de la práctica del kung fu. Resultados: Las lesiones deportivas causadas por la práctica del kung fu se produjeron principalmente en la cintura, las rodillas y los tobillos, y los tipos de lesiones deportivas fueron sobre todo por distensión de los ligamentos, lo que fue causado principalmente por una preparación inadecuada, un mal funcionamiento físico y un estado mental, movimientos técnicos incorrectos, etc. Conclusión: La práctica del kung fu puede mejorar la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, pero también puede provocar lesiones deportivas, principalmente en la cintura pélvica, las rodillas y los tobillos. Deben adoptarse estrictas medidas preventivas para evitar que las lesiones deportivas afecten a la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The effectiveness of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in detecting lymph node metastases in the axilla in patients with breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic safety and accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy (US-CNB) Axillary Lymph Nodes (ALNs) region in patients with Breast Cancer (BC). Methods: The authors searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for clinical trials about US-CNB for the detection of ALNs in breast cancer patients. The authors extracted and pooled raw data from the included studies and performed statistical analyses using Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Review Manager 5.3 software. A random effects model was used to calculate the data. At the same time, data from the Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (US-FNA) were introduced for comparison with the US-CNB. In addition, the subgroup was performed to explore the causes of heterogeneity. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022369491). Results: In total, 18 articles with 2521 patients were assessed as meeting the study criteria. The overall sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI [Confidence Interval], 0.87‒0.91; p = 0.00), the overall specificity was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‒ 1.00; p = 0.62), the overall area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98. Next, in the comparison of US-CNB and US-FNA, US-CNB is better than US-FNA in the diagnosis of ALNs metastases. The sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI 0.84‒ 0.91; p = 0.12) vs. 0.73 (95% CI 0.69‒0.76; p = 0.91), the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99‒1.00; p = 1.00) vs. 0.99 (95% CI 0.67‒0.74; p = 0.92), and the AUC was 0.99 vs. 0.98. Subgroup analysis showed that heterogeneity may be related to preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, region, size of tumor diameter, and the number of punctures. Conclusion: US-CNB has a satisfactory diagnostic performance with good specificity and sensitivity in the preoperative diagnosis of ALNs in BC patients.

The effect of sports in promoting the enhancement of adult bone density / Efeito dos esportes na promoção do aumento da densidade óssea em adultos / Efecto de los deportes en la promoción del aumento de la densidad ósea en adultos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise is an important part of osteoporosis treatment. A moderate amount of exercise can improve bone metabolism, improve bone biomechanics and increase bone density. Objective: To study the effects of different sports on adult bone mineral density. Methods: We selected volunteers to perform different exercises and used quantitative ultrasound and bioelectrical impedance methods to test the volunteers. Results: Exercise can increase the content of lean body mass in body composition and reduce body fat percentage. The calcaneal bone mineral density of physical education students is positively correlated with low body weight. Conclusion: Exercise can promote the bone mineral density of young adults. Stronger weight-bearing exercises can better promote the increase of bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Atividades físicas são uma parte importante do tratamento de osteoporose. Uma quantidade moderada de exercícios pode melhorar a biomecânica, o metabolismo, e a densidade ósseos. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos de diferentes esportes na densidade mineral óssea de adultos. Métodos: Selecionou-se voluntários para realizarem diferentes atividades físicas e utilizou-se ultrassom quantitativo e bioimpedância elétrica como métodos para testar os voluntários. Resultados: A atividade física pode aumentar o conteúdo de massa magra na composição corporal e reduzir a porcentagem de gordura no corpo. A densidade mineral do calcâneo de estudantes de educação física mostrou uma relação positiva com peso baixo. Conclusão: A atividade física melhorou a densidade mineral óssea de jovens. Exercícios mais intensos de suporte de carga podem promover o aumento da densidade óssea. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Actividades físicas son una parte importante del tratamiento de osteoporosis. Una cantidad moderada de ejercicios puede mejorar la biomecánica, el metabolismo y la densidad óseos. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos de diferentes deportes en la densidad mineral ósea de adultos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron voluntarios para realizar diferentes actividades físicas y se utilizó el ultrasonido cuantitativo y la bioimpedancia eléctrica como métodos para testear a los voluntarios. Resultados: La actividad física puede aumentar el contenido de masa muscular en la composición corporal y reducir el porcentaje de grasa en el cuerpo. La densidad mineral del calcáneo de estudiantes de educación física mostró una relación positiva con peso bajo. Conclusión: La actividad física mejoró la densidad mineral ósea de jóvenes. Ejercicios más intensos de soporte de peso pueden favorecer el aumento de la densidad ósea. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 reverses the effect of sevoflurane on hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating the miR-29a-3p/CBX3 axis

Sevoflurane (SEVO) is widely applied as an anesthetic, which exerts antitumor capacity in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies indicated that long non-coding RNA KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) was upregulated, while microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) was downregulated in HCC. Thus, we aimed to explore the roles of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-29a-3p in HCC cells exposed to SEVO. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. The levels of genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-29a-3p and KCNQ1OT1 or chromebox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) was predicted by Starbase or Targetscan, and then confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found that the levels of KCNQ1OT1 and CBX3 were decreased, while miR-29a-3p was increased in SEVO-treated HCC cells. KCNQ1OT1 overexpression weakened the inhibitory effects of SEVO on HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, KCNQ1OT1 bound to miR-29a-3p, and miR-29a-3p targeted CBX3. KCNQ1OT1 upregulated CBX3 level by repressing miR-29a-3p expression. Furthermore, KCNQ1OT1 exerted tumor promotion in HCC cells via suppressing miR-29a-3p to regulate CBX3 expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 regulated the antitumor effects of SEVO on HCC cells through modulating the miR-29a-3p/CBX3 axis, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of HCC.

Meta-analysis of the relationship between interleukin-6 levels and the prognosis and severity of acute coronary syndrome

This study aimed to explore the relationship between plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, adverse cardiovascular events, and the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A literature review was performed of studies regarding IL-6 and ACS extracted from databases including EMBASE, Cqvip, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang data. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The literature was screened, its quality was evaluated, and relevant data were extracted for performing meta-analysis using RevMan software (version 5.3). A total of 524 studies were included in the initial survey. After several rounds of screening and analysis, six studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model. Patients were divided into non-severe and severe groups based on the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Meta-analysis of the relationship between IL-6 and the severity of ACS showed that the plasma IL-6 level of patients in the severe group was significantly higher than that of patients in the non-severe group (p<0.00001). Additionally, patients with experience of major adverse cardiovascular events had significantly higher plasma IL-6 levels than did patients without experience of such events (p<0.00001). In summary, patients with ACS and high IL-6 levels tended to be in a critical condition, with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and worse prognosis. Thus, IL-6 levels could indicate whether patients with ACS may have adverse cardiovascular events and determine the severity of ACS.

Cloning and Characterization of 5-enopy ruvylshikimate-3-phosphate Synthase from Fragaria vesca

Abstract To discover and isolate a glyphosate-resistant gene from Fragaria vesca through gene mining. An open reading frame (ORF) of 1563 bp encoding EPSPSwas amplified from Fragaria vesca (FvEPSPS). FvEPSPS (Genebank: XP004306932.1) encodes a polypeptide of 520 amino acids and it has hightly homologous with EPSPS from other plants. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the FvEPSPS was expressed extensively in all tissues including leaves, roots and stems, with higher expression in leaves. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana exhibited 10 mM glyphosate to resistance. Therefore, this research offers a new glyphosate-resistant gene for development of transgenic crops.

Resveratrol promotes the survival and neuronal differentiation of hypoxia-conditioned neuronal progenitor cells in rats with cerebral ischemia / 医学前沿

Hypoxia conditioning could increase the survival of transplanted neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) in rats with cerebral ischemia but could also hinder neuronal differentiation partly by suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. In this work, the mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxia-conditioned NPCs (hcNPCs) was upregulated via the additional administration of resveratrol, an herbal compound, to resolve the limitation of hypoxia conditioning on neuronal differentiation. Resveratrol was first applied during the in vitro neuronal differentiation of hcNPCs and concurrently promoted the differentiation, synaptogenesis, and functional development of neurons derived from hcNPCs and restored the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, this herbal compound was used as an adjuvant during hcNPC transplantation in a photothrombotic stroke rat model. Resveratrol promoted neuronal differentiation and increased the long-term survival of transplanted hcNPCs. 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and rotarod test showed that resveratrol and hcNPC transplantation synergistically improved the neurological and metabolic recovery of stroke rats. In conclusion, resveratrol promoted the neuronal differentiation and therapeutic efficiency of hcNPCs in stroke rats via restoring mitochondrial metabolism. This work suggested a novel approach to promote the clinical translation of NPC transplantation therapy.

MALAT1 and BACH1 are prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) and their clinicopathological significance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Subjects and Methods: MALAT1 and BACH1 were detected by immunohistochemistry using TNBC tissue microarrays of 240 patients. The association between MALAT1 and BACH1 expression levels was statistically analyzed. Moreover, the prognostic roles as well as clinical and pathological significance of MALAT1 and BACH1 expression in TNBC were determined. Statistical Analysis Used: Two-tailed Pearson correlation was used to examine the correlation of BACH1 and MALA1 expression. Comparisons of clinicopathological variables between different BACH1 and MALA1 expression groups were performed using χ2 tests. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were plotted with the Kaplan-Meier method and the differences in OS and DFS between three groups were compared by the log-rank test. Multiple comparisons were performed using χ2 tests for subsequent individual group comparisons. Results: MALAT1 and BACH1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage, distant metastasis, pathological stage, and survival outcomes of patients. Patients with high MALAT1 and BACH1 expression exhibited shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: These findings provide further insight into the expression pattern of MALAT1 and BACH1 in TNBC and suggest them as prognostic biomarkers for TNBC

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of Norovirus outbreaks in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District, Beijing,2015-2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of norovirus aggregation in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from 2015 to 2018,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of school aggregation epidemic situation.@*Methods@#An epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of norovirus aggregation in the primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from January 2015 to December 2018. Multivariate Logistic was used to analyze the influencing factors of norovirus aggregation.@*Results@#A total of 74 cases of norovirus aggregation in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District of Beijing from 2015 to 2018 were reported, involving 52 primary and secondary schools. Totally 1 291 suspected cases and a median of 12.5 cases of single epidemic were reported. Winter and spring were high incidence season. There was significant difference in the incidence rate of epidemic situation in primary and secondary schools(χ2=98.82, P<0.01). There was significant difference in the incidence rate between men and women(χ2=55.56, P<0.01). A total of 648 samples and 486 positive samples were collected, with a positive rate of 75.00%, mainly GⅡ virus, accounting for 87.45%. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the scale of school(>2 000，1 000~2 000), student’s hand hygiene habit,requirement for medical care after the outbreak is the influence factor of the outbreak(OR=3.78，2.95，8.25，2.88).@*Conclusion@#Poor hand hygiene habits are the most important risk factors for the outbreak, so schools and parents should cultivate children to develop good hygiene habits of washing hands before and after meals, and timely isolation of cases found in schools is also an important measure to prevent and control the epidemic.

Screening potential prognostic biomarkers of long non-coding RNAs for predicting the risk of chronic kidney disease

Not much is known about the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we included CKD patient cohorts and normal controls as a discovery cohort to identify putative lncRNA biomarkers associated with CKD. We first compared the lncRNA expression profiles of CKD patients with normal controls, and identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Co-expression network based on the enriched differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs was constructed using WGCNA to identify important modules related to CKD. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway network based on the hub lncRNAs and mRNAs, related miRNAs, and overlapping pathways was further constructed to reveal putative biomarkers. A total of 821 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were screened between CKD and control samples, which were enriched in nine modules using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), especially brown and yellow modules. Co-expression network based on the enriched differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in brown and yellow modules uncovered 7 hub lncRNAs and 53 hub mRNAs. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway network further revealed that lncRNAs of HCP5 and NOP14-AS1 and genes of CCND2, COL3A1, COL4A1, and RAC2 were significantly correlated with CKD. The lncRNAs of NOP14-AS1 and HCP5 were potential prognostic biomarkers for predicting the risk of CKD.

Influencing factorsof aortic pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective : To analyze influencing factors of aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV) in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods : The 336 EH patients from our hospital were divided into elevated APWV group (n＝281) and normal APWV group (n＝55)- Clinical data were compared between two groups ,and multi-factor Logis-tic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of APWV in EH patients .Results : Compared with normal AP-WV group ,there were significant rise in age [ (56-71 ± 11-45) years vs-(62-98 ± 12-36) years] ,percentages of di-abetes mellitus (5-45% vs- 19-22%) ,obesity (18-18% vs- 23-84%) ,smoking (16-36% vs- 30-60%) , EH stage 3 (12-73% vs- 32-03%) ,body mass index [BMI , (22-53 ± 2-07) kg／m2 vs-(23-28 ± 2-04) kg／m2 ] ,systolic blood pressure SBP [ (139-64 ± 12-85) mmHg vs.(147-39 ± 13-30 ) mmHg] ,diastolic blood pressure DBP [ (93-18 ± 8-73) mmHg vs .(96-43 ± 9-14 ) mmHg] , TC [ (5-18 ± 0-91 ) mmol／L vs-(5-65 ± 1-03 ) mmol／L ] , LDL-C [ (3-00 ± 0-68 ) mmol／L vs-(3-24 ± 0-72 ) mmol／L ] ,serum creatinine SCr [ (110-71 ± 52-39 ) μmol／L vs-(138-52 ± 63-65) μmol／L] ,serum uric acid SUA [ (318-73 ± 102-62) μmol／L vs-(354-28 ± 108-35) μmol／L] , and significant reduction in level of HDL-C [ (1-19 ± 0-32) mmol／Lvs-(1-09 ± 0-30) mmol／L] in elevated AP-WV group , P＜0-05 or ＜0-01- Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ,diabetes mellitus ,SBP , TC ,SCr and EH stage were independent risk factors for APWV (OR＝2-826 －3-732 , P＜0-05 all).Conclusion :Age ,diabetes mellitus ,SBP ,TC ,SCr and EH stage are risk factors for APWV in EH patients- Therefore ,corre- sponding preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken to improve prognosis .

Qualitative detection of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of high-purity ginseng total saponins by using polyclonal antibody against ginsenosides / 中国天然药物

Given the limited studies and conflicting findings, the transport character of ginsenosides crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. The present study was designed to qualitatively determine the distribution of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of ginseng total saponins, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with immunohistochemistry. In brain tissue homogenates, ginsenoside Rg1 was detectable and no other ginsenosides or their metabolites were found. No ginsenosides were detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemistry staining of brain tissue sections by using anti-ginsenoside polyclonal antibodies revealed the localization of ginsenosides in brain tissues. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining revealed that ginsenosides widely existed in vascular endotheliocytes and astrocytes, and in few neurons. These results indicated that Rg1 was the main component that entered the brain after oral administration of ginseng total saponins and that ginsenosides could cross the BBB, although the transport capability of ginsenosides through the BBB may be poor.

Qualitative detection of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of high-purity ginseng total saponins by using polyclonal antibody against ginsenosides / 中国天然药物

Given the limited studies and conflicting findings, the transport character of ginsenosides crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. The present study was designed to qualitatively determine the distribution of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of ginseng total saponins, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with immunohistochemistry. In brain tissue homogenates, ginsenoside Rg1 was detectable and no other ginsenosides or their metabolites were found. No ginsenosides were detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemistry staining of brain tissue sections by using anti-ginsenoside polyclonal antibodies revealed the localization of ginsenosides in brain tissues. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining revealed that ginsenosides widely existed in vascular endotheliocytes and astrocytes, and in few neurons. These results indicated that Rg1 was the main component that entered the brain after oral administration of ginseng total saponins and that ginsenosides could cross the BBB, although the transport capability of ginsenosides through the BBB may be poor.

Serum hsCRP level and expression of CX3CR1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary heart disease and its clinical significance / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore serum level of high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP)and expression of CX3C chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and its clinical significance.Methods:A total of 153 CHD patients treated in our hospital from Mar 2016 to Mar 2017 were selected,including 50 cases with stable angina pectoris(SAP),52 cases with unstable angina pectoris(UAP)and 51 cases with acute myocardial infarction(AMI);according to coronary lesion degree assessed by Gensini score,153 CHD patients were divided into mild coronary disease group(n=43),moderate coronary dis-ease group(n=56)and severe coronary disease group(n=54).Another 45 healthy subjects were selected as healthy control group during the same period.Serum hsCRP level and CX3CR1 expression on PBMC were measured and compared among all groups,the correlation among serum hsCRP level,CX3CR1 expression and Gensini score were analyzed.Results:Compared with healthy control group,there were significant rise in serum hsCRP level[(2.36 ± 1.67)mg/L vs.(5.07 ± 2.16)mg/L vs.(13.59 ± 5.23)mg/L vs.(27.46 ± 8.24)mg/L]and CX3CR1 expression on PBMC[(0.48 ± 0.25)% vs.(11.13 ± 5.42)% vs.(20.56 ± 9.73)% vs.(37.49 ± 12.82)%]in SAP group,UAP group and AMI group,and AMI group> UAP group> SAP group,there was significant difference between any two groups,P=0.001 all.Compared with mild coronary disease group,there were significant rise in serum hsCRP level[(6.31 ± 1.83)mg/L vs.(17.42 ± 6.58)mg/L vs.(35.26 ± 9.74)mg/L]and CX3CR1 expression on PBMC [(6.59 ± 1.43)% vs.(25.86 ± 9.37)% vs.(42.57 ± 13.28)%]in moderate and severe coronary disease group,and those of severe coronary disease group were significantly higher than those of moderate coronary disease group,P=0.001 all.Linear correlation analysis indicated that serum hsCRP level and CX 3CR1 expression on PBMC were sig-nificantly correlated with Gensini score(r=0.768,0.897,P=0.001 both).Conclusion:Serum hsCRP level and CX3CR1 expression significantly rise in CHD patients along with the aggregation of coronary disease,which are ex-pected to be reference indexes predicting severity of CHD.

Study for diagnosis and treatment study of myocardial bridge / 心血管康复医学杂志

Myocardial bridge is a kind of congenital structural variation, which is usually treated as benign lesions, but it can also cause myocardial ischemia, acute coronary syndrome, ventricular stunning and arrhythmias, even cardiogenic sudden death. The present article made a review on incidence rate, anatomical typing, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of myocardial bridge.

Effects of LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on intestinal microbiome in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain, a mouse model of Alzheimer disease / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability. METHODS Morris-water maze test, novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was employed to investigate gut microbiota. RESULTS The treatment of LW- AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice, including spatial learning and memory ability, active avoidance response, and object recognition memory capability. Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. The treatment of LW- AFC altered 22 (16 increased and 6 decreased) OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them, 15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice. We further showed that there were 7 (3 negative and 4 positive correlation) OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities, at the order level, including Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrionales, CW040, and two unclassified orders. LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice. CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.

The Relationship between HIF-2α and VEGF with Radiographic Severity in the Primary Osteoarthritic Knee

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with radiographic severity in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Expression of these two factors in cartilage samples from OA knee joints was examined at mRNA and protein levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Knee joints were examined using plain radiographs, and OA severity was assessed using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading system. Specimens were collected from 29 patients (31 knees) who underwent total knee replacement because of severe medial OA of the knee (KL grades 3 and 4), 16 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy (KL grade 2), and 5 patients with traumatic knees (KL grade 0). HIF-2α and VEGF expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS: Cartilage degeneration correlated with the radiographic severity grade. OA severity, determined using the Mankin scale, correlated positively with the KL grade (r=0.8790, p<0.01), and HIF-2α and VEGF levels with the radiographic severity of knee OA (r=0.7001, p<0.05; r=0.6647, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In OA cartilage, HIF-2α and VEGF mRNA and protein levels were significantly and positively correlated. The expression of both factors correlated positively with the KL grade. HIF-2α and VEGF, therefore, may serve as biochemical markers as well as potential therapeutic targets in knee OA.